Furnace wall



Filed April 20. 1948 2 SHEET S T l Dec. 23, 1952 JONES 2,622,433

FURNACE WALL Dec. 23, 1952 H, ON S 2,622,433

FURNACE WALL Filed April 20, 1948 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 (u N c3 m N w \O: QLl.

N N m Patented Dec. 23, 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FURNACE WALLHerbert Jones, Sheffield, England Application April 20, 1948,Ser ial No.22,163 In Great Britain April23, 1947 1 Claim. 1

"This invention has reference to building blocks and buildingstructures, more particularly furnaces, boilers, tanks and likestructures, embodying such blocks.

The'principal object of the present invention is to provide simple butefiicient means for preventing or minimising any tendency for a wall,roof or arch of a furnace or other similar structure, to creep or bulgeinwardly of the said structure under the action of any stresses orstrains towhich the structure may be submitted when used in a normalmanner forits intended purpose.

Another object of the invention is to provide a new orimproved form ofbuilding block.

Still another object of the invention isto provide a building blockwhich, when "erected in a structure, is adapted'to be anchored to afixed external support and to prevent displacement of the said structureaway from the said support.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide a building block whichis of such shape and configuration that, when erected in a structureit-is adapted toserve as a key block-for preventing inwards movement ofthat partof the structure located-on either side thereof.

A further'object of the inventionis to reduce or eliminate the creationof undue strains or stresses in the walls, roof or arch of a structureas a consequence of expansions and contractions of thecomponentsemployedin the erection of the structure-and set up or createdby substantial variations in temperature.

A still further object of the invention is to enable a structureto beerected in the form of a plurality of sections or panels each of whichis adapted to be anchored to a rigid external support toprevent inwardsmovement, by the new blocks envisaged'by the invention.

Also,'the invention aims at a building structure comprising a pluralityof sections or panels each of which is surrounded by an expansion jointfor minimizing the creation of internal strains or stresses due toexpansion or contraction under substantial temperature variations.

These and other objects of the invention will be apparent from thefollowing description when read in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings.

In the said drawings:

Figure 1 is a perspective View of one form of headed brick or'block.

Figure 2 is a perspective view of analternative form of-headed brick orblock.

-Figure 31s a perspective'view of a partially 2 erected furnace wallembodying bricks or" blocks as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a sectional plan through a part of the wall shown in Figure3.

Figure 5 is a similar view to Figure 4 of an externally lined Wallembodying bricks or blocks as shown in Figure 2, and

Figure 6 is an underside perspective view of an uninterrupted panel forerection in the furnace wall.

The furnace wall shown in Figure 3 of the said drawings comprises tiersof headed bricks or blocks I (hereinafter referred to as key blocks),the said tiers being arrangedin spaced, parallel relationship andextending throughout the height of the wall. The remainder of the wall,that is the spaces intermediate the ad jacent tiers, is constructed fromfiller blocks 2 and 3. Alternatively, if desired, each of the saidspaces may be closed by one or more preformed panels (not shown in thedrawings) each of which may consist of a single slab or may be produced,prior to erection, from an assembly of filler blocks 2 and 3.

Each key block I comprises a body la having two plain and opposedlateral faces lb which diverge relatively to one another from one end ofthe'said body which is formed with a projecting head 4, to the other endof the body; the body is also formed with two more plai'r'p lateralfaces Io which are again located at opposite sides of the body I; thesetwo lateral faces lc are parallel to one another. Hence each key block,'while being of uniform thickness throughout, increases in width fromits headed end to its other and opposite end.

The projecting head l of each key block has two opposed lateral faces towhich diverge relatively to one another in the-opposite direction to thediverging faces lb; that is to say, the head faces 4a diverge away fromthe body la thereby providing a head of dovetail shape. Also, the headhas two additional opposed and parallel faces 4b which are locatedrespectively, in the same planes as the body faces lc so that the headand body'are of the same uniform thickness.

The filler blocks 2 and 3 are of the same uniform thickness as thekeyblocks I; the filler blocks 3 are also of uniform width from end toend, that is to say that they are formed with two opposed pairs ofparallel lateral faces; however, each of the filler blocks 2 has onelateralface 2a which is inclined to the longer center line thereof atthe same angle'thatth'e diverging faces lb of the key blocks areinclinedto 'thelonger center lines of the bodies Ia; thus, each block 2has one opposed pair of parallel lateral faces and another opposed pairof which one is inclined, whereas the other is parallel, to its longercenter line.

In Figures 1, 3 and 4, the heads 4 of the key blocks I are uniteddirectly to the bodies Ia whereas, in the block shown in Figures 2 and5, the head 4 is united to the body Ia through a neck 5 having twoopposed and parallel pairs of lateral faces.

In the erection of the wall shown in Figure 3, each key block I is laidwith its head 4 projecting beyond the external surface of the said walland with its opposite end located flush with the inner ends of thefiller blocks 2 and 3 to provide a plain inner wall surface. Also eachkey block is flanked at each of its sides formed by the diverging bodyfaces lb, by a filler block 2 with the inclined lateral face 2a of thelatter arranged adjacent and parallel to the complementary body face lb.Thus, each body la is arranged wholly within a course of filler blocks 2and 3, with its head projecting from the said course outwardly of thewall structure.

An expansion joint 6 is formed between each key block I and its flankingfiller blocks 2 and the blocks I are laid one upon the other in spacedparallel tiers so that the said expansion joints are continuousthroughout the height of the wall. Horizontal expansion joints Ga areprovided between adjacent courses at intervals throughout the height ofthe wall so that, when the blocks are permanently expanded under furnaceoperating conditions, no undue stress or strain is set up in the wallstructure.

When the spaces between the adjacent tiers of key blocks are filled inby panels, each panel preferably has a height equal to the distancebetween two horizontal joints Ga and a length equal to the distancebetween adjacent tiers of key blocks. The lateral edges of the saidpanels which are to be located adjacent the tiers of key blocks, are soinclined that, when the panels are laid in the wall structure, each ofthe said inclined edges is parallel to the complementary inclinedlateral diverging face of an adjacent tier.

Rigid metal buckstays or like vertical supports "I are erectedexternally of the wall and a tier of key blocks I is erected inalignment with each of the said buckstays. The ribs formed externally ofthe wall by the projecting heads 4 of the superimposed key blocks, areengaged by brackets 8 each of which is linked to a complementarystriplike anchorage 9 abutting the buckstay edge remote from the wall.Each of the links extending between the said brackets and anchorages,comprises two rods IE] which are hooked together at their adjacent endsto provide a universal coupling which permits any lateral and verticalmovement in the wall structure that ma be initiated by substantialtemperature variations of the said structure. However, the links preventany movement or creepage of the key blocks inwardly of the furnace andthe diverging sides of the said key blocks prevent any similar inwardsmovement of the filler blocks 2 and 3, or of panels, laid intermediatethe tiers of key blocks.

The roof and/or arches of a furnace or similar structure may comprisespaced parallel rows of key blocks I which may be anchored to andsuspended from rigid beams extending transversely of the structure andseating upon the upper ends of pairs of buckstays I, the spaces betweenthe said rows of key blocks again being closed by filler blocksidentical or similar to the blocks 2 and 3 or by panels, in the same wayas is shown in Figure 3.

As shown in Figure 5, by employing key blocks as shown in Figure 2 inplace of key blocks as shown in Figure 1, the head 4 is spaced away fromthe outer surface of the wall or like structure by a distance equal tothe length of the neck 5, thereby enabling a layer I I of heatinsulating or any other desired material to be applied to the said outersurface without, in any way, affecting the connection between the saidheads and the rigid external supports I or the like.

If desired, for example in the application of the invention to the airor water cooled walls of boilers or to any other structure having wallsof substantial height, spaced supports may be embodied in the said wallsfor relieving the lower wall portions from the weight of the upperportions. Such supports may be incorporated in a skeleton frameworkwhich is capable of erection prior to the laying of the key and fillerblocks or panels. Figure 3 shows angle section weightrelieving supportsI2 embodying a horizontal flange I204 which projects into the plane ofthe wall and is interposed between two courses of blocks between whichan expansion joint 5a is provided, and a channelled vertical flange I 2bwhich sockets on to a beam is carried by and between th buckstays "I.

Any desired number of metal clips or brackets of dovetailed channelsection, may be engaged with the projecting heads of each row of masterbricks, and the base of each clip or bracket may be provided with a studor equivalent means whereby it may be securely anchored to a buckstay,stanchion or like rigid supporting member.

Obviously the invention is not limited to the details of theillustrative applications of the invention described above and shown inthe accompanying drawings since these may be modified in various wayswithout departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Referenceshould therefore be had to the appended claim in determining the scopeof the invention.

Having described my invention what I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent is:

A wall structure embodying uninterrupted rows of key blocks, adjacentrows being arranged in spaced parallel relationship and each key blockcomprising a body and a head, the body being of rectangular crosssection and having two straight opposed faces inclined relatively to oneanother and two straight parallel faces, and the head also being ofrectangular cross section and having two straight relatively inclinedfaces and two straight parallel faces, the parallel faces of the headbeing in the same planes as the parallel body faces and the inclinedbody and head faces being oppositely divergent, the said inclined bodyfaces forming the sides of the rows and the said head forming anuninterrupted dovetailed rib on each row, uninterrupted panels erectedbetween said adjacent rows each panel spanning the space between tworows and having two opposed edges which are relatively inclined andwhich are arranged in adjacent parallel relationship to correspondingsides of the spanned rows, the continuous ribs being arranged to projectbeyond the planes of the panels to the outside of the structure, rigidsupports erected externally of the structure in spaced and parallelrelationship to the ribs, jointed anchorages connected by their ends toand between each support and rib, tie bars spanning and anchored betweenadjacent supports in the vicinity of the lower edge of each panel, an

angle bar having an upwardly extending flange which is outwardlychannelled at its upper edge engaging each tie bar by said channellededge, and having its other flange extending towards the walls intoengagement with a recess formed in said panel and extending between therelatively inclined panel edges, and expansion joints provided betweenthe abutting panel edges and row sides and between the abutting edges ofabutting panels.

HERBERT JONES.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Number Name Date Loftus Oct. 2, 1928 BeallJuly 1, 1930 Liptak July 17, 1934 De Wolf July 2, 1935 I Heitman Feb.16, 1937 Ofiutt Sept. 16, 1941 Anderson et a1 Dec. 31, 1946 FOREIGNPATENTS Country Date France 1929 France Aug. 27, 1942

